Long-term rescue of dystrophin expression and improvement in muscle pathology and function in dystrophic mdx mice by peptide-conjugated morpholino.
Am. J. Pathol., 2102;181(2):392-400.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Tissue Homogenates
Application: WB
Kidney-specific Sonoporation-mediated Gene Transfer.
Authors: Ishida R, Kami D, Kusaba T, Kirita Y, Kishida T, Mazda O, Adachi T, Gojo S
Mol Ther, 2016;24(1):125-34.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: tissue lysates
Application: WB
Characterizing functional domains for TIM-mediated enveloped virus entry.
Authors: Moller-Tank S, Albritton L, Rennert P, Maury W
J Virol, 2014;88(12):6702-13.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Flow
Repair of injured proximal tubule does not involve specialized progenitors.
Authors: Humphreys BD, Czerniak S, DiRocco DP
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2011;108(22):9226-31.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Whole Tissue
Application: IHC Paraffin-embedded
TIM-1 and TIM-3 enhancement of Th2 cytokine production by mast cells.
Authors: Nakae S, Iikura M, Suto H, Akiba H, Umetsu DT, DeKruyff RH, Saito H, Galli SJ
Blood, 2007;110(7):2565-8.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Cell Lysates
Application: WB

TIM-1 (T cell-immunoglobulin-mucin; also KIM-1 and HAVCR) is a 70-80 kDa, type I transmembrane glycoprotein member of the TIM family of immunoglobulin superfamily molecules (1-4). This gene family is involved in the regulation of Th1 and Th2-cell-mediated immunity. In mouse, there are eight known TIM genes (# 1-8) vs. only three genes in human (# 1, 3, and 4) (1, 2). Mouse TIM-1 and -2 are counterparts of human TIM-1 while mouse TIM-5 through 8 have no human counterparts (2). Mouse TIM-1 is synthesized as a 305 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 21 aa signal sequence, a 216 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment and a 47 aa cytoplasmic domain (5, 6). The ECD contains one V-type Ig-like domain and a mucin region characterized by multiple T-S-P motifs. The mucin region undergoes extensive O-linked glycosylation. The mouse TIM-1 gene is highly polymorphic and, based on rat, may undergo alternate splicing (4, 6). For instance, HBA mice show a 15 aa deletion in the mucin region that occurs in BALB/c mice (6). This difference is associated with a decreased susceptibility to asthma. Other polymorphisms are also documented (6). In human, TIM-1 is known to circulate as a soluble form. It undergoes constitutive cleavage by an undefined MMP, releasing a 75-85 kDa soluble molecule (5). The same thing might be expected in mouse. The ECD of mouse TIM-1 is 50%, 39%, and 80% aa identical to human, canine and rat TIM-1 ECD, respectively. The only two reported ligands for TIM-1 are TIM-4 and the hepatitis A virus (8, 9). However, others are believed to exist, and based on the ligand for TIM-3, one possibility might be an S-type lectin (10). TIM-1 ligation induces T cell proliferation and promotes cytokine production (1, 10). In particular, it induces IL-4 production, and requires the cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphorylation motif (5).

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2. Kuchroo, V.K. et al. (2003) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:454. 
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5. de Souza, A.J. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:17113. 
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7. Bailly, V. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:39739.
8. Feigelstock, D. et al. (1998) J. Virol. 72:6621.
9. Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:1245.
10. Meyers, J.H. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:455.