| 货号 | AF958-SP |
| 别名 | GDF-3; growth differentiation factor 3; growth/differentiation factor 3; KFS3; MCOP7; MCOPCB6; Vgr-2 | 全称 | Growth Differentiation Factor 3 |
| 反应种属 | Human/Mouse |
| 应用 | Western Blot(1.5 µg/mL) Immunohistochemistry(5-15 µg/mL) Immunocytochemistry(5-15 µg/mL) |
| 目标/特异性 | Detects human and mouse GDF-3 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In Western blots, less than 5% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse (rm) GDF‑5, rmGDF‑6, rmGDF‑7, rmGDF‑8, and rmGDF‑9 is observed. |
| 使用方法 | Western Blot: 1.5 µg/mL Immunohistochemistry: 5-15 µg/mL Immunocytochemistry: 5-15 µg/mL |
| 来源 | Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| 产品组分 |
| 供应商 | R&D Systems |
| Entrez Gene IDs | 9573 (Human); 14562 (Mouse) |
| 应用文献 | |
| R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions. GDF3 is a BMP inhibitor that can activate Nodal signaling only at very high doses. | |
| 纯化方式 | Antigen Affinity-purified |
| 免疫原 | E. coli-derived recombinant mouse GDF-3 Ala253-Gly366 Accession # Q07104 |
| 生物活性 | Human, Mouse |
| 标记 | Unconjugated |
| 溶解方法 | Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| 背景 | GDF-3 (previously called Vgr-2) is a TGF-beta superfamily member belonging to the growth/differentiation factor family (1, 2). GDF-3 is expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells, adipose tissue and the brain (2-4). In ES cells, it maintains pluripotency and influences early cell fate decisions (5, 6). For example, frog embryos injected with GDF-3 develop a secondary dorsal axis and deletion of mouse GDF-3 can produce defects in the anterior visceral endoderm of the pre‑gastrulation embryo (5, 6). In adipocytes, GDF-3 is induced by a high fat diet and promotes adipogenesis (3). GDF-3 has been reported to oppose BMP’s functions and to have a nodal-like activity in early development (1). The 366 amino acid (aa) mouse GDF-3 contains a 22 aa signal sequence, a 230 aa propeptide and a 114 aa mature protein that contains one potential N-glycosylation site. Most of GDF-3 is present as the prepro form, while the mature GDF-3 is presumably the secreted, active form (1). The mature protein contains the cysteine-knot structure that is conserved throughout family members. Since it lacks the fourth cysteine, which is responsible for the formation of inter-molecular disulfide bond, GDF-3 may exist as a non-covalent homodimer. Mature mouse GDF-3 shares 90%, 83%, and 83% aa identity with rat, human and canine GDF-3, respectively. Among family members, mature GDF-3 is most similar to mouse BMP-6 (45% aa identity) and Xenopus VG‑1 (52% aa identity). |
| 运输条件 | Blue Ice |
| 存放说明 | 4℃ |
| 参考文献 |
|
Detection of Human GDF‑3 by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of BG01V human embryonic stem cells. PVDF membrane was probed with 1.5 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse GDF‑3 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF958) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for GDF‑3 at approximately 42 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1. | |
GDF‑3 in BG01V Human Stem Cells. GDF‑3 was detected in immersion fixed BG01V human embryonic stem cells using Goat Anti-Human/Mouse GDF‑3 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF958) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Cells on Coverslips. | |
GDF‑3 in Mouse Thymus. GDF‑3 was detected in perfusion fixed frozen sections of mouse thymus using Mouse GDF‑3 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF958) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Lower panel shows a lack of labeling if primary antibodies are omitted and tissue is stained only with secondary antibody followed by incubation with detection reagents. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections. | |
GDF‑3 in Mouse Thymus. GDF‑3 was detected in perfusion fixed frozen sections of mouse thymus using 5 µg/mL Mouse GDF‑3 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF958) overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained with the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections. |
