| 货号 | AF-302-SP |
| 别名 | TGF-beta 2/1.2 | 全称 | Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 and 1.2 |
| 应用 | Western Blot,Immunohistochemistry,Neutralization |
| 目标/特异性 | Detects TGF‑ beta 2/1.2 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots (non-reducing conditions), less than 2% cross‑reactivity with TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 is observed. |
| 使用方法 | Western Blot: 0.1 µg/mL Immunohistochemistry: 5-15 µg/mL Neutralization: Measured by its ability to neutralize TGF‑ beta 2 inhibition of IL‑4-dependent proliferation in the HT‑2 mouse T cell line. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.01-0.03 µg/mL in the presence of 1 ng/mL Porcine TGF‑ beta 2 and 7.5 ng/mL Recombinant Mouse IL‑4. |
| 来源 | Polyclonal Goat IgG |
| 产品组分 |
| 供应商 | R&D Systems |
| Entrez Gene IDs | 7042 (Human) |
| 应用文献 | |
| R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions. An autocrine TGF-beta/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network regulates establishment and maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. | |
| 纯化方式 | Antigen Affinity-purified |
| 免疫原 | Porcine platelet-derived TGF-beta 2 |
| 内毒素水平 | <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method. |
| 标记 | Unconjugated |
| 溶解方法 | Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| 背景 | Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, 2, and 3 (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3) are highly pleiotropic cytokines that virtually all cell types secrete. TGF-beta molecules are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Targeted deletions of these genes in mice show that each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions: TGF-beta 1 is involved in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation; TGF-beta 2 affects development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear, and urogenital systems; and TGF-beta 3 influences palatogenesis and pulmonary development. The full range of in vitro biological activities of TGF-beta 5 has not yet been explored. However, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 have been found to be largely interchangeable in an inhibitory bioassay, and it is anticipated that TGF-beta 5 will show a spectrum of activities similar to the other TGF-beta family members. To date, the production of TGF-beta 5 has only been demonstrated in Xenopus. TGF-beta ligands are initially synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo proteolytic cleavage. The mature segments form active ligand dimers via a disulfide-rich core consisting of the characteristic cysteine knot. TGF-beta signaling begins with binding to a complex of the accessory receptor betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and a type II serine/threonine kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, either ALK-1 or TGF-beta RI (also called ALK-5). The activated type I receptor phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Use of other signaling pathways that are Smad-independent allows for distinct actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts. |
| 运输条件 | Blue Ice |
| 存放说明 | 4℃ |
| 参考文献 |
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TGF‑ beta 2 Inhibition of IL‑4-dependent Cell Proliferation and Neutralization by TGF‑ beta 2/1.2 Antibody. Porcine TGF‑ beta 2 (Catalog # 102-B2) inhibits Recombinant Mouse IL‑4 (Catalog # 404-ML) induced proliferation in the HT‑2 mouse T cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Inhibition of Recombinant Mouse IL‑4 (7.5 ng/mL) activity elicited by Porcine TGF‑ beta 2 (1 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-TGF‑ beta 2/1.2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-302-NA). The ND50 is typically 0.01‑0.03 µg/mL. |
