Autophagy facilitates TLR4- and TLR3-triggered migration and invasion of lung cancer cells through the promotion of TRAF6 ubiquitination.
Authors: Zhan Z, Xie X, Cao H, Zhou X, Zhang X, Fan H, Liu Z
Autophagy, 2014;10(2):257-68.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Irritant-induced migration of Langerhans cells coincides with an IL-10-dependent switch to a macrophage-like phenotype.
Authors: Ouwehand K, Oosterhoff D, Breetveld M
J. Invest. Dermatol., 2011;131(2):418-25.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Tissue
Application: Neut
Fractalkine is a novel human adipochemokine associated with type 2 diabetes.
Authors: Shah R, Hinkle CC, Ferguson JF, Mehta NN, Li M, Qu L, Lu Y, Putt ME, Ahima RS, Reilly MP
Diabetes, 2011;60(5):1512-8.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Interleukin-18 predicts atherosclerosis progression in SIV-infected and uninfected rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet.
Authors: Yearley JH, Xia D, Pearson CB, Carville A, Shannon RP, Mansfield KG
Lab. Invest., 2009;89(6):657-67.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
Sample Type: Whole Tissue
Application: IHC Paraffin-embedded
Stromal MCP-1 in mammary tumors induces tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and contributes to tumor progression.
Authors: Fujimoto H, Sangai T, Ishii G, Ikehara A, Nagashima T, Miyazaki M, Ochiai A
Int. J. Cancer, 2009;125(6):1276-84.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Tissue
Application: IHC Paraffin-embedded
Expanded-polyglutamine huntingtin protein suppresses the secretion and production of a chemokine (CCL5/RANTES) by astrocytes.
Authors: Chou SY, Weng JY, Lai HL, Liao F, Sun SH, Tu PH, Dickson DW, Chern Y
J. Neurosci., 2008;28(13):3277-90.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: ICC
A potential role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in the recruitment of macrophages to mouse intervertebral disc cells via monocyte chemotactic protein 1 induction: implications for herniated discs.
Authors: Ohba T, Haro H, Ando T, Koyama K, Hatsushika K, Suenaga F, Ohnuma Y, Nakamura Y, Katoh R, Ogawa H, Hamada Y, Nakao A
Arthritis Rheum., 2008;58(11):3510-9.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Tissue
Application: IHC Paraffin-embedded
Inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury by cis-element decoy of early growth response gene-1 in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
Authors: Ohtani K, Egashira K, Usui M, Ishibashi M, Hiasa KI, Zhao Q, Aoki M, Kaneda Y, Morishita R, Takeshita A
Gene Ther., 2004;11(2):126-32.
Species: Rabbit
Sample Type: Whole Tissue
Application: IHC Fresh
Alterations in expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the simian immunodeficiency virus model of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex.
Authors: Hendricks EE, Lin KC, Boisvert K, Pauley D, Mansfield KG
J. Infect. Dis., 2004;189(9):1714-20.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
Sample Type: Whole Tissue
Application: IHC Paraffin-embedded
Natural killer T cells infiltrate neuroblastomas expressing the chemokine CCL2.
Authors: Metelitsa LS, Wu HW, Wang H, Yang Y, Warsi Z, Asgharzadeh S, Groshen S, Wilson SB, Seeger RC
J. Exp. Med., 2004;199(9):1213-21.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Tissue
Application: IHC Frozen

CCL2, also known as monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), was initially purified independently by two groups based on its ability to chemoattract monocytes. The human CCL2 cDNA encodes a 99 amino acid residue precursor protein with a 23 residue hydrophobic signal peptide that is cleaved to generate the 76 residue mature protein. Natural CCL2 is heterogeneous in size due to the addition of O-linked carbohydrates and sialic acid residues. In addition to fibroblasts; tumor cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and mononuclear phagocytes can also produce CCL2 either constitutively or upon stimulation by various stimuli. CCL2 is a member of the  beta (C-C) subfamily of chemokines. The existence of MCP-2 and MCP-3 with 62% and 73% amino acid identity respectively, to CCL2 have been reported. Consistent with it being a member of the chemokine beta family, CCL2 has been shown to chemoattract monocytes. In addition, it will also activate monocytes to be cytostatic for some human tumor cell lines; to increase cytosolic free calcium; to generate and release monocyte superoxide anions and to release monocyte lysosomal enzymes in vitro. CCL2 was reported to be capable of regulating adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production in human monocytes as well as chemoattracting, activating, and inducing histamine release from basophils. The biological roles played by CCL2 in a number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory disease states characterized by the accumulation of leukocytes at the site of the lesion, including atherosclerosis, delayed hypersensitivity reactions, etc., are being determined. CCL2 can bind to the C-C chemokine receptor-1 that also binds MIP-1 alpha, RANTES and MIP-1 beta. A specific receptor for CCL2 has also been cloned from THP-1 and MonoMac 6 cells.

• CC Chemokines and Receptors
• Chemokines and Receptors
• Chemokines and Receptors in Allergy and Asthma
• Chemokines and Receptors in Angiogenesis
• gamma delta T Cells
• HIF Transcription Factors
• Inflammatory Mediators
• Macrophage Activation Markers
• Molecules Secreted by VSMC
• Neuroinflammation