NK cell function is markedly impaired in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia but is preserved in patients with small lymphocytic lymphoma
Oncotarget, 2016;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Are Targets for Allogeneic and Autologous Natural Killer (NK) Cells and Killing Is Partly Mediated by the Activating NK Receptor DNAM-1.
Authors: Kruse V, Hamann C, Monecke S, Cyganek L, Elsner L, Hubscher D, Walter L, Streckfuss-Bomeke K, Guan K, Dressel R
PLoS ONE, 2015;10(5):e0125544.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Flow
Cytotoxicity and infiltration of human NK cells in in vivo-like tumor spheroids.
Authors: Giannattasio A, Weil S, Kloess S, Ansari N, Stelzer E, Cerwenka A, Steinle A, Koehl U, Koch J
BMC Cancer, 2015;15(0):351.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Cytokine-induced killer cells eradicate bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.
Authors: Sangiolo, Dario, Mesiano, Giulia, Gammaitoni, Loretta, Leuci, Valeria, Todorovic, Maja, Giraudo, Lidia, Cammarata, Cristina, DellAglio, Carmine, DAmbrosio, Lorenzo, Pisacane, Alberto, Sarotto, Ivana, Miano, Sara, Ferrero, Ivana, Carnevale-Schianca, Fabrizio, Pignochino, Ymera, Sassi, Francesc, Bertotti, Andrea, Piacibello, Wanda, Fagioli, Franca, Aglietta, Massimo, Grignani, Giovanni
Cancer Res, 2014;74(1):119-29.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Dok1 and Dok2 proteins regulate natural killer cell development and function.
Authors: Celis-Gutierrez J, Boyron M, Walzer T, Pandolfi P, Jonjic S, Olive D, Dalod M, Vivier E, Nunes J
EMBO J, 2014;33(17):1928-40.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
The road to memory: an early rest for the long journey.
Authors: Ho, Liam Poc, Yit, Pui San, Ng, Lee Hui, Linn, Yeh Chin, Zhao, Yi, Sun, Li, Ling, Khoon Li, Chai Koh, Mickey B, Monica Shih, Meng-Chu, Li, Shang, Wang, Xue Ying, Tien, Sim Leng, Goh, Yeow Tee
J Immunol, 2013;191(11):5603-14.
Species: Human
Sample Type: cells
Application: Neut
Modulation of NKG2D ligand expression and metastasis in tumors by spironolactone via RXRgamma activation.
Authors: Leung W, Vong Q, Lin W, Janke L, Chen T, Leung W
J Exp Med, 2013;210(12):2675-92.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Mechanisms of the antitumor activity of human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells in combination with zoledronic acid in a preclinical model of neuroblastoma.
Authors: Di Carlo E, Bocca P, Emionite L, Cilli M, Cipollone G, Morandi F, Raffaghello L, Pistoia V, Prigione I
Mol Ther, 2013;21(5):1034-43.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
Ex vivo expansion of highly cytotoxic human NK cells by cocultivation with irradiated tumor cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
Authors: Lim S, Kim T, Lee J, Sonn C, Kim K, Kim J, Choi J, Choi I, Yun C, Kim J, Yee C, Kumar V, Lee K
Cancer Res, 2013;73(8):2598-607.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
A unique secreted adenovirus E3 protein binds to the leukocyte common antigen CD45 and modulates leukocyte functions.
Authors: Windheim, Mark, Southcombe, Jennifer, Kremmer, Elisabet, Chaplin, Lucy, Urlaub, Doris, Falk, Christin, Claus, Maren, Mihm, Janine, Braithwaite, Myles, Dennehy, Kevin, Renz, Harald, Sester, Martina, Watzl, Carsten, Burgert, Hans-Ger
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2013;110(50):E4884-93.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Bioassay
CEACAM1 on activated NK cells inhibits NKG2D-mediated cytolytic function and signaling.
Authors: Hosomi S, Chen Z, Baker K, Chen L, Huang Y, Olszak T, Zeissig S, Wang J, Mandelboim O, Beauchemin N, Lanier L, Blumberg R
Eur J Immunol, 2013;43(9):2473-83.
Species: Human
Sample Type: whole cells
Application: Neut
2-deoxy D-glucose prevents cell surface expression of NKG2D ligands through inhibition of N-linked glycosylation.
Authors: Andresen L, Skovbakke SL, Persson G, Hagemann-Jensen M, Hansen KA, Jensen H, Skov S
J. Immunol., 2012;188(4):1847-55.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Human TCR gamma delta+ T cells represent a novel target for IL-27 activity.
Authors: Morandi F, Prigione I, Airoldi I
Eur. J. Immunol., 2012;42(6):1547-52.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Analysis of Vdelta1 T cells in clinical grade melanoma-infiltrating lymphocytes.
Authors: Donia M, Ellebaek E, Andersen M, Straten P, Svane I
Oncoimmunology, 2012;1(8):1297-1304.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Blocking
MiR-10b Downregulates the Stress-Induced Cell Surface Molecule MICB, a Critical Ligand for Cancer Cell Recognition by Natural Killer Cells.
Authors: Tsukerman P, Stern-Ginossar N, Gur C, Glasner A, Nachmani D, Bauman Y, Yamin R, Vitenshtein A, Stanietsky N, Bar-Mag T, Lankry D, Mandelboim O
Cancer Res, 2012;72(21):5463-72.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Flow
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) and N-WASp are involved in the regulation of NK-cell migration upon NKG2D activation.
Eur J Immunol, 2012;42(8):2142-51.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Functional Assay
Tumor suppressive microRNAs miR-34a/c control cancer cell expression of ULBP2, a stress-induced ligand of the natural killer cell receptor NKG2D.
Authors: Heinemann A, Zhao F, Pechlivanis S, Eberle J, Steinle A, Diederichs S, Schadendorf D, Paschen A
Cancer Res., 2012;72(2):460-71.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Flow
Super-resolution imaging of remodeled synaptic actin reveals different synergies between NK cell receptors and integrins.
Authors: Brown A, Dobbie I, Alakoskela J, Davis I, Davis D
Blood, 2012;120(18):3729-40.
Species: Human
Sample Type: whole cells
Application: Bioassay
Cytotoxicity of CD56(bright) NK cells towards autologous activated CD4+ T cells is mediated through NKG2D, LFA-1 and TRAIL and dampened via CD94/NKG2A.
Authors: Nielsen N, Odum N, Urso B, Lanier LL, Spee P
PLoS ONE, 2012;7(2):e31959.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Functional Assay
NK cells from HCV-infected patients effectively induce apoptosis of activated primary human hepatic stellate cells in a TRAIL-, FasL- and NKG2D-dependent manner.
Authors: Glassner A, Eisenhardt M, Kramer B, Korner C, Coenen M, Sauerbruch T, Spengler U, Nattermann J
Lab. Invest., 2012;92(7):967-77.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
DNAM-1 ligand expression on Ag-stimulated T lymphocytes is mediated by ROS-dependent activation of DNA-damage response: relevance for NK-T cell interaction.
Authors: Ardolino M, Zingoni A, Cerboni C, Cecere F, Soriani A, Iannitto ML, Santoni A
Blood, 2011;117(18):4778-86.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Flow
NKG2A inhibits NKG2C effector functions of gammadelta T cells: implications in health and disease.
Authors: Angelini DF, Zambello R, Galandrini R, Diamantini A, Placido R, Micucci F, Poccia F, Semenzato G, Borsellino G, Santoni A, Battistini L
J. Leukoc. Biol., 2011;89(1):75-84.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Functional Assay
Natural killer cells from children with type 1 diabetes have defects in NKG2D-dependent function and signaling.
Authors: Qin H, Lee IF, Panagiotopoulos C, Wang X, Chu AD, Utz PJ, Priatel JJ, Tan R
Diabetes, 2011;60(3):857-66.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Functional Assay
Potent anti-tumor killing activity of the multifunctional Treg cell line HOZOT against human tumors with diverse origins.
Authors: Inoue T, Tashiro Y, Takeuchi M
Int. J. Oncol., 2011;38(5):1299-306.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Analysis of HLDA9 mAbs on plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
Authors: Cabezon R, Sintes J, Llinas L, Benitez-Ribas D
Immunol. Lett., 2011;134(2):167-73.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Flow
Human gammadelta T lymphocytes induce robust NK cell-mediated antitumor cytotoxicity through CD137 engagement.
Authors: Maniar A, Zhang X, Lin W, Gastman BR, Pauza CD, Strome SE, Chapoval AI
Blood, 2010;116(10):1726-33.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Cytotoxicity of activated natural killer cells against pediatric solid tumors.
Authors: Cho D, Shook DR, Shimasaki N
Clin. Cancer Res., 2010;16(15):3901-9.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Natural killer lysis receptor (NKLR)/NKLR-ligand matching as a novel approach for enhancing anti-tumor activity of allogeneic NK cells.
Authors: Markel G, Seidman R, Besser MJ
PLoS ONE, 2009;4(5):e5597.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
SHP-2 expression negatively regulates NK cell function.
Authors: Purdy AK, Campbell KS
J. Immunol., 2009;183(11):7234-43.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Functional Assay
Interferon-gamma down-regulates NKG2D ligand expression and impairs the NKG2D-mediated cytolysis of MHC class I-deficient melanoma by natural killer cells.
Authors: Schwinn N, Vokhminova D, Sucker A, Textor S, Striegel S, Moll I, Nausch N, Tuettenberg J, Steinle A, Cerwenka A, Schadendorf D, Paschen A
Int. J. Cancer, 2009;124(7):1594-604.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Blocking
Detuning CD8+ T lymphocytes by down-regulation of the activating receptor NKG2D: role of NKG2D ligands released by activated T cells.
Authors: Cerboni C, Ardolino M, Santoni A, Zingoni A
Blood, 2009;113(13):2955-64.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Functional Assay
Generation, affinity maturation, and characterization of a human anti-human NKG2D monoclonal antibody with dual antagonistic and agonistic activity.
Authors: Kwong KY, Baskar S, Zhang H, Mackall CL, Rader C
J. Mol. Biol., 2008;384(5):1143-56.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Peptide - hNKG2D
Application: Surface Plasmon Resonance
Induction of MHC class I-related chain B (MICB) by 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine.
Authors: Tang KF, He CX, Zeng GL, Wu J, Song GB, Shi YS, Zhang WG, Huang AL, Steinle A, Ren H
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2008;370(4):578-83.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
NK cells recognize and lyse Ewing sarcoma cells through NKG2D and DNAM-1 receptor dependent pathways.
Authors: Verhoeven DH, de Hooge AS, Mooiman EC, Santos SJ, ten Dam MM, Gelderblom H, Melief CJ, Hogendoorn PC, Egeler RM, van Tol MJ, Schilham MW, Lankester AC
Mol. Immunol., 2008;45(15):3917-25.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
An unusual CD56(bright) CD16(low) NK cell subset dominates the early posttransplant period following HLA-matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Authors: Dulphy N, Haas P, Busson M, Belhadj S, Peffault de Latour R, Robin M, Carmagnat M, Loiseau P, Tamouza R, Scieux C, Rabian C, Di Santo JP, Charron D, Janin A, Socie G, Toubert A
J. Immunol., 2008;181(3):2227-37.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Functional Assay
4-1BB is superior to CD28 costimulation for generating CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes for adoptive immunotherapy.
Authors: Zhang H, Snyder KM, Suhoski MM, Maus MV, Kapoor V, June CH, Mackall CL
J. Immunol., 2007;179(7):4910-8.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Functional Assay
Bortezomib down-regulates the cell-surface expression of HLA class I and enhances natural killer cell-mediated lysis of myeloma.
Authors: Shi J, Tricot GJ, Garg TK, Malaviarachchi PA, Szmania SM, Kellum RE, Storrie B, Mulder A, Shaughnessy JD, Barlogie B, van Rhee F
Blood, 2007;111(3):1309-17.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
4-1BB regulates NKG2D costimulation in human cord blood CD8+ T cells.
Authors: Kim YJ, Han MK, Broxmeyer HE
Blood, 2007;111(3):1378-86.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Human plasmacytoid predendritic cells activate NK cells through glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-ligand (GITRL).
Authors: Hanabuchi S, Watanabe N, Wang YH, Ito T, Shaw J, Cao W, Qin FX, Liu YJ
Blood, 2006;107(9):3617-23.
Species: Human
Sample Type: GITRL expressing CD32L
Application: Neut
Transfer of NKG2D and MICB at the cytotoxic NK cell immune synapse correlates with a reduction in NK cell cytotoxic function.
Authors: Roda-Navarro P, Vales-Gomez M, Chisholm SE, Reyburn HT
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2006;103(30):11258-63.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Flow
Receptors and lytic mediators regulating anti-tumor activity by the leukemic killer T cell line TALL-104.
Authors: Brando C, Mukhopadhyay S, Kovacs E, Medina R, Patel P, Catina TL, Campbell KS, Santoli D
J. Leukoc. Biol., 2005;78(2):359-71.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Flow
BCR/ABL promotes dendritic cell-mediated natural killer cell activation.
Authors: Terme M, Borg C, Guilhot F, Masurier C, Flament C, Wagner EF, Caillat-Zucman S, Bernheim A, Turhan AG, Caignard A, Zitvogel L
Cancer Res., 2005;65(14):6409-17.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut

NKG2D is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein having an extracellular lectin-like domain. This domain lacks the recognizable calcium-binding sites found in true C‑type lectins and binds protein rather than carbohydrate ligands. Human NKG2D is expressed on CD8⁺ alpha beta T cells, gamma δ T cells, NK cells, and NKT cells. In mouse systems NKG2D also occurs on macrophages. Human ligands for NKG2D include MICA, MICB, and ULBP1, 2, and 3. Expression of NKG2D ligands occurs in epithelial cells, tumor cells and under conditions of stress or infection. NKG2D exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer that delivers an activating signal upon ligand binding. Signaling requires association with an adapter protein. Alternative splicing of the NKG2D mRNA results in isoforms with different cytoplasmic domains that can associate either with DAP12 to deliver a true activating signal or with DAP10 resulting in a costimulatory signal. NKG2D has been implicated in anti-tumor surveillance and the immune response against viral infection.

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