| 背景 | MYST1, also known as mammalian male absent on the first (MOF) and lysine acetyltransferase 8 (KAT8), is a member of the MYST (MOZ, YBF2, SAS2 and Tip60) family of histone acetyltransferases (1,2). As the catalytic subunit of two different histone acetyltransferase complexes, MSL and NSL, MYST1 is responsible for the majority of histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation in the cell. MYST1 also acetylates p53 on lysine 120 and is important for activation of pro-apoptotic genes (1,2). As a component of the MSL complex, MYST1 associates with MSL1, MSL2L1, and MSL3L1, and specifically acetylates histone H4 on lysine 16 (3-5). As part of the NSL complex, MYST1 associates with the MLL1 histone methyltransferase complex containing MLL1/KMT2A, ASH2L, HCFC1, WDR5 and RBBP5, and shows broader acetyltransferase activity for histone H4 on lysines 5, 8, and 16 (3-5). MYST1 plays a critical role in the regulation of transcription, DNA repair, autophagy, apoptosis, and emybryonic stem cell pluripotency and differentiation (1,2,6). Loss of MYST1 leads to a global reduction in histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation, a common hallmark found in many human cancers. A reduction of MYST1 protein levels and histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation is associated with poor prognosis in breast, renal, colorectal, gastric, and ovarian cancers (1). |
