| 货号 | 54330T |
| 同种亚型 | Rabbit IgG |
| 反应种属 | Human |
| 应用 | WB,IHC,F |
| 目标/特异性 | Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP®Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total galectin-9 protein. |
| 使用方法 | Western Blotting (1:1000) IHC-Leica® Bond™ (1:800) Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (1:800) Flow Cytometry (1:1600) |
| 供应商 | CST |
| 灵敏度 | Endogenous |
| 背景 | Galectins are a family of β-galactose binding proteins that are characterized by an affinity for poly-N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates and a carbohydrate-binding site (1,2). Members of the galectin family have been implicated in a variety of biological functions, including cell adhesion (3), growth regulation (4), cytokine production (5), T-cell apoptosis (6), and immune responses (7). Galectin-9 is induced by proinflammatory stimuli, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TLR ligands, and regulates various immune responses through interaction with its ligand TIM-3 (8, 9). Binding of galectin-9 to TIM-3 expressed by Th1 CD4 T cells resulted in T cell death (9). On the other hand, galectin-9 treatment of tumor-bearing mice increased the number of IFN-γ-producing TIM-3+ CD8 T cells and TIM-3+ dendritic cells (10). Transgenic overexpression of either TIM-3 or galectin-9 in mice led to an increase in cells with a myeloid-derived suppressor cell phenotype and inhibition of immune responses (11). CD44 is also proposed to be a receptor for galectin-9, and interaction of galectin-9 with CD44 expressed by induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells enhanced the stability of function of iTreg cells. In addition, galectin-9 was recently demonstrated to bind Dectin-1 expressed by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-infiltrating macrophages, resulting in tolerogenic macrophage reprogramming and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Increased galectin-9 expression has been observed in several cancer types, including lung, liver, breast, and kidney (12). Alternative splicing of the galectin-9 transcript leads to several isoforms (13). |
| 存放说明 | -20C |
| 计算分子量 | 9-40 |
| 参考文献 | 1 . Barondes, S.H. et al. (1994) Cell 76, 597-8. 2 . Barondes, S.H. et al. (1994) J Biol Chem 269, 20807-10. 3 . Offner, H. et al. (1990) J Neuroimmunol 28, 177-84. 4 . Wells, V. and Mallucci, L. (1991) Cell 64, 91-7. 5 . Filer, A. et al. (2009) Arthritis Rheum 60, 1604-14. 6 . Perillo, N.L. et al. (1995) Nature 378, 736-9. 7 . Cooper, D.N. et al. (1991) J Cell Biol 115, 1437-48. 8 . Gieseke, F. et al. (2013) Eur J Immunol 43, 2741-9. 9 . Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat Immunol 6, 1245-52. 10 . Nagahara, K. et al. (2008) J Immunol 181, 7660-9. 11 . Dardalhon, V. et al. (2010) J Immunol 185, 1383-92. 12 . Heusschen, R. et al. (2014) Biochim Biophys Acta 1842, 284-92. 13 . Heusschen, R. et al. (2013) Biol Reprod 88, 22. |
Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP®Rabbit mAb (upper) or β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human non-small cell lung carcinoma using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb performed on the Leica® Bond™ Rx. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP®Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lymphoma using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP®Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human ovarian carcinoma using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded U-937 cell pellet (left, positive) or PANC-1 cell pellet (right, negative) using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP®Rabbit mAb. | |
Flow cytometric analysis of 293T cells, mock transfected (blue) or transfected with Galectin-9-DDK (green), using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb (solid lines) or concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP®Isotype Control #3900 (dashed lines). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab)2Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody. | |
Flow cytometric analysis of PANC-1 cells (blue) and U-937 cells (green) using Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP®Rabbit mAb (solid lines) or a concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP®Isotype Control #3900 (dashed lines). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab)2Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody. |
