| 货号 | 8965T |
| 同种亚型 | Rabbit IgG |
| 反应种属 | Human,Mouse, |
| 来源宿主 | Rabbit IgG |
| 应用 | WB, IP , IHC-P , IF-IC |
| 目标/特异性 | RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total RARγ1 protein. Based upon sequence alignment, this antibody is not predicted to cross-react with RARγ2. This antibody does not cross-react with either RARα or RARβ. |
| 使用方法 | WB(1:1000) IP (1:100) IHC-P (1:400) IF-IC (1:500) |
| 供应商 | CST |
| 灵敏度 | Endogenous |
| 背景 | Nuclear retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) consist of three subtypes encoded by separate genes: α (NR1B1), β (NR1B2), and γ (NR1B3). For each subtype, there are at least two isoforms, which are generated by differential promoter usage and alternative splicing and differ only in their N-terminal regions. Retinoids, which are metabolites of vitamin A, serve as ligands for RARs (1). RARs function as ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators and are found to be heterodimerized with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). These transcriptionally active dimers regulate the expression of genes involved in cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis (2,3). Consequently, RARs play critical roles in a variety of biological processes, including development, reproduction, immunity, and organogenesis (4-6). RAR mutations, fusion proteins, altered expression levels, or aberrant post-translational modifications result in multiple diseases due to altered RAR function and disruption of homeostasis. In contrast to the ubiquitously expressed RARα subtype, RARγ displays a complex tissue-specific expression pattern (7). The hematopoietic system expresses significant levels of RARγ, and a recent study identified a role for RARγ in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance (8). RARγ is the predominant subtype in human and mouse epidermis, representing 90% of the RARs in this tissue (9-11). Given the high level of RARγ expression in the skin, it has been suggested that this nuclear receptor participates in a transcriptional program that governs maintenance and differentiation of normal epidermis and skin appendages. The transcriptional activity of RARγ is under stringent control, in part, through retinoic acid-induced phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation (12).维甲酸（RA）核受体（RARs）包括三个亚型，这三个亚型分别由α (NR1B1), β (NR1B2), 和γ (NR1B3)编码.每种亚型至少有两种形式，通过差动启动子使用和选择性剪接产生，不同之处仅在于它们的N-端区域。维甲酸是维生素A的代谢产物，作为维甲酸受体的配体（1）。维甲酸受体以配体依赖的转录调节起作用，发现其与维甲酸X受体（RXRs）形成异源二聚体。这些转录活性二聚体调节参与细胞分化、增殖、细胞凋亡的基因表达（2,3）。因此，维甲酸受体在各种生物过程，包括发育、生殖、免疫、器官生成中发挥关键作用（4-6）。由于RAR功能改变和动态平衡破坏、RAR突变、融合蛋白、表达水平的改变或翻译后修饰异常会导致多种疾病。与广泛表达的RARα亚型相反，RARγ显示一个复杂的组织特异性表达模式（7）。造血系统RARγ表现显着水平，最近的一项研究确定了RARγ在造血干细胞维护中的作用（8）。RARγ是人类和小鼠表皮的主要亚型，占这种组织中RARs的90％（9-11）。由于RARγ在皮肤中的表达水平高，曾有人建议，该核受体参与转录程序，管理正常表皮和皮肤附属组织的维护和分化。RARγ转录活性的严格控制，某种程度上通过维甲酸诱导的磷酸化和蛋白酶体降解（12）。 |
| 存放说明 | -20C |
| 计算分子量 | 58 |
| 参考文献 | 1 . Rochette-Egly, C. and Germain, P. (2009) Nucl Recept Signal 7, e005. 2 . Delacroix, L. et al. (2010) Mol Cell Biol 30, 231-44. 3 . Eifert, C. et al. (2006) Mol Reprod Dev 73, 796-824. 4 . Mark, M. et al. (2006) Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 46, 451-80. 5 . Niederreither, K. and Dollé, P. (2008) Nat Rev Genet 9, 541-53. 6 . Mark, M. et al. (2009) Nucl Recept Signal 7, e002. 7 . Dollé, P. (2009) Nucl Recept Signal 7, e006. 8 . Purton, L.E. et al. (2006) J Exp Med 203, 1283-93. 9 . Fisher, G.J. et al. (1994) J Biol Chem 269, 20629-35. 10 . Zelent, A. et al. (1989) Nature 339, 714-7. 11 . Elder, J.T. et al. (1991) J Invest Dermatol 96, 425-33. 12 . Giannì, M. et al. (2002) EMBO J 21, 3760-9. |
Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb.Western blot方法检测多个细胞系提取物，使用的抗体为RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from 293T cells, either mock transfected (-) or transfected with a Myc/DDK-tagged cDNA expression construct encoding full-length human RARγ1 (hRARγ1-Myc/DDK, +), using RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb.Western blot方法检测293T细胞提取物，细胞不转染（-）或用Myc/DDK-标记的cDNA表达构建体转染，该构建体表达能够编码人全长RARγ1 (hRARγ1-Myc/DDK, +),使用的抗体为RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded cell pellets, HaCaT (positive, left) and Hep3B (negative, right), using RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb.免疫组织化学方法检测石蜡包埋的细胞球，HaCaT细胞（阳性，左图）和Hep3B （阴性，右图），使用的抗体为RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human skin using RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb.免疫组织化学方法检测石蜡包埋的人皮肤组织，使用的抗体为RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma using RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb.免疫组织化学方法检测石蜡包埋的人肺癌组织，使用的抗体为RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HaCaT cells (positive, left) and Hep3B cells (negative, right) using RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments were labeled with DY-554 phalloidin (red).激光共聚焦免疫荧光法检测HaCaT细胞（阳性，左图）和Hep3B细胞（阴性，右图），使用的抗体为RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb (绿色)。肌动蛋白丝用DY-554鬼笔环肽标记（红色）。 |
